MicroRNA-214 targets PTK6 to inhibit tumorigenic potential and increase drug sensitivity of prostate cancer cells.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men with African American men disproportionally suffering from the burden of this disease. Biomarkers that could discriminate indolent from aggressive and drug resistance disease are lacking. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that affect numerous physiological and pathological processes, including cancer development and have been suggested as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-214 on prostate cancer cell survival/migration/invasion, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. miR-214 was differentially expressed between Caucasian and African American prostate cancer cells. Importantly, miR-214 overexpression in prostate cancer cells induced apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation and colony forming ability. miR-214 expression in prostate cancer cells also inhibited cell migration and 3D spheroid invasion. Mechanistically, miR-214 inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation by targeting protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6). Restoration of PTK6 expression attenuated the inhibitory effect of miR-214 on cell proliferation. Moreover, simultaneous inhibition of PTK6 by ibrutinib and miR-214 significantly reduced cell proliferation/survival. Our data indicates that miR-214 could act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer and could potentially be utilized as a biomarker and therapeutic target

Response of Permeable Pavement under Wheel Truck to Rainfall Runoff and its Effects (Laboratory Model)

Good water drainage from different sources is one of the most important factors that must be considered when designing subways and highways. The research aims to study and analyze the effect of heavy, medium, and low rainfall, select suitable materials to drain rainwater from the surface and vertical drains, and evaluate the rutting that appeared on the compacted surface asphalt layer. The methodology of this research includes the laboratory model (prototype model). A laboratory model consisting of typical structure layers of flexible pavement was used in this research with a 2% slope for degradations and changes in the volumetric properties and permeability of the surface and binder layers of the highway section. A wheel truck was manufactured and used for a continuous go-and-forth with the influence of three different rain intensities to identify and simulate the actual situation of highways and roads. The rainfall duration of 30 mm/min rainfall intensity was 90 minutes, and the rain intensity of 60 mm/min had a rainfall duration of 60 minutes. For the rainfall intensity of 90 mm/min, the time of rainfall was equal to 30 minutes. The results obtained from the laboratory simulation model (box model) indicated that the average quantity of infiltrated water produced by the 30mm/min rainfall intensity in the pavement structure is 36.4 % greater than the average infiltration of this water from the 60mm/min intensity and 52% higher than the 90mm/min intensity of rain. The time of surface drainage ending and the ending time of vertical drainage increases when the rain duration is long, even if the rain intensity is low. The rut depth appeared after 2816 wheel load repetitions to increase this depth by 96% after 127 days of load passage under three different rainfall intensities of a different time. The tensile strength was significantly reduced by 17.25%. The TSR values indicate that the mixtures of the surface and binder layers have good resistance to moisture damage

Drainage investigation of surface runoff for highway pavement

The aim of this study is to establish the effect of heavy rainfall and the chosen pavement layers on the drainage design, material selection and rutting resistance of the flexible pavement. The test in present study was started with wheel track passing without load and without rain falling on the pavement for a period of time, and it was noticed that no distress appeared on the surface of the pavement. Then, the load is gradually added by using wheel track load of 106 psi for five tests without rain falling and five other tests with gradually increasing rain fall duration and intensity. Deterioration and distresses appeared on the pavement when increasing the wheel track load to (150 psi) under high intensity rain and long term duration of rain fall. By increasing the number of days, which is 103 days of study, when the pavement is saturated, the extra amount of the water will runoff. The clogging material which caused a decrease in the water seepage, increases the time of runoff ending. The clogging materials of fine particles that get deposited on the surface of the pavement resulted by passing the wheel track loading and wear & tear of the pavement surface, and other clogging materials such as salt in the water will penetrate to the pavement and seal the voids and decrease its water seepage. The water seepage decreases by increasing number of days, so the amount of the absorbed water decreases by 89% after 71 days of testing for high rain intensity (116 ml/min.)

Drainage investigation of surface runoff for highway pavement

The aim of this study is to establish the effect of heavy rainfall and the chosen pavement layers on the drainage design, material selection and rutting resistance of the flexible pavement. The test in present study was started with wheel track passing without load and without rain falling on the pavement for a period of time, and it was noticed that no distress appeared on the surface of the pavement. Then, the load is gradually added by using wheel track load of 106 psi for five tests without rain falling and five other tests with gradually increasing rain fall duration and intensity. Deterioration and distresses appeared on the pavement when increasing the wheel track load to (150 psi) under high intensity rain and long term duration of rain fall. By increasing the number of days, which is 103 days of study, when the pavement is saturated, the extra amount of the water will runoff. The clogging material which caused a decrease in the water seepage, increases the time of runoff ending. The clogging materials of fine particles that get deposited on the surface of the pavement resulted by passing the wheel track loading and wear & tear of the pavement surface, and other clogging materials such as salt in the water will penetrate to the pavement and seal the voids and decrease its water seepage. The water seepage decreases by increasing number of days, so the amount of the absorbed water decreases by 89% after 71 days of testing for high rain intensity (116 ml/min.)

Response of Permeable Pavement under Wheel Truck to Rainfall Runoff and its Effects (Laboratory Model)

Good water drainage from different sources is one of the most important factors that must be considered when designing subways and highways. The research aims to study and analyze the effect of heavy, medium, and low rainfall, select suitable materials to drain rainwater from the surface and vertical drains, and evaluate the rutting that appeared on the compacted surface asphalt layer. The methodology of this research includes the laboratory model (prototype model). A laboratory model consisting of typical structure layers of flexible pavement was used in this research with a 2% slope for degradations and changes in the volumetric properties and permeability of the surface and binder layers of the highway section. A wheel truck was manufactured and used for a continuous go-and-forth with the influence of three different rain intensities to identify and simulate the actual situation of highways and roads. The rainfall duration of 30 mm/min rainfall intensity was 90 minutes, and the rain intensity of 60 mm/min had a rainfall duration of 60 minutes. For the rainfall intensity of 90 mm/min, the time of rainfall was equal to 30 minutes. The results obtained from the laboratory simulation model (box model) indicated that the average quantity of infiltrated water produced by the 30mm/min rainfall intensity in the pavement structure is 36.4 % greater than the average infiltration of this water from the 60mm/min intensity and 52% higher than the 90mm/min intensity of rain. The time of surface drainage ending and the ending time of vertical drainage increases when the rain duration is long, even if the rain intensity is low. The rut depth appeared after 2816 wheel load repetitions to increase this depth by 96% after 127 days of load passage under three different rainfall intensities of a different time. The tensile strength was significantly reduced by 17.25%. The TSR values indicate that the mixtures of the surface and binder layers have good resistance to moisture damage

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF RUNOFF DRAINAGE FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

Good water drainage is one of the most important things to consider when designing highway. Inadequate drainage facilities can lead to premature deterioration of the pavement and the development of adverse safety conditions such as cracks and rut. It is common, therefore, for a sizable portion of highway construction budgets to be devoted to drainage facilities. In essence, the general function of a highway drainage system is to remove rain water from the road and the highway right-of-way. This paper presents a study of the vertical drainage properties and the deterioration trends in water seeping of the pavement by testing the laboratory pavement section models with 2% slope which is very important in the selection of a suitable pavement surface layer and the base of the pavement. It has been concluded that by increasing number of days, when the pavement being saturated, the more amount of the water will runoff and the time of ending runoff increased by 77.78% after 138 days of study. The rut depth appeared after 2816 of wheel repetitions and recorded a 83.87% of rut depth increase after 109 days of load repetitions under different rain intensities with three durations of time

Eponyms in dermatology literature linked to Otorhinolaryngology

In some disorders, there are symptoms or signs shared by dermatology and ears, nose and throat (ENT) specialty. It is also known that there are eponyms in dermatology and ENT. The aim in this short communication is to shed some lights on the eponyms in dermatology literature linked to ENT